The outer limits of 21st-century physics involve arcane pursuits with strange and wonderful names like M-theory and the de Sitter universe. Many of these endeavors rely heavily on Albert Einstein’s explanation of how gravity emerges from the bending of spacetime.
With the assistance of The Office for Creative Research (OCR), a New York City data visualization firm, Scientific American decided to look for some measure of how often recent scientific papers in relevant areas of physics still lean on Einstein’s 100-year-old achievement.
OCR examined a year’s worth of the physics literature for references to general relativity or its conceptual offshoots. Specifically, OCR processed 2,435 abstracts of 2014 physics papers from the arXiv.org repository via a powerful text-analysis program incorporated into IBM’s Watson AI system. The software extracted keywords that turned up repeatedly in abstracts from a section of arXiv on general relativity and quantum cosmology. We then edited this list down to 61 keywords, each of which represents a research topic that has grown out of general relativity. The program then scanned arXiv’s relativity section to discover which of the 61 words were turning up most often in the research reports.
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The data visualization here is the result. Each incandescent colored dot stands for a paper that touches on at least one element of general relativity or its spin-offs [click on "Tour" for details on how to interpret the visualization].
It is apparent at a glance that Einstein’s ideas are still going strong. Thousands of papers published every year make reference to his progeny. General relativity seems certain to continue to be a cornerstone of physics in decades to come. When we redo this data visualization 100 years from now, we are betting that it will yield the same pointillist explosion of color.
*For best results, please view in Google Chrome.
Click this link to launch the visualization fullscreen.